Chikumbiro Nyaya yeWastewater Discharge muShanghai's Raw Meat Slaughtering and Processing Enterprises.

Kambani yekugadzira nyama yakavakirwa muShanghai yakavambwa muna 2011 uye iri muSongjiang District. Basa rayo rebhizinesi rinosanganisira zviitiko zvinotenderwa sekuuraya nguruve, huku uye kupfuya zvipfuyo, kugovera chikafu, uye kutakura zvinhu mumigwagwa (kunze kwezvinhu zvine njodzi). Sangano revabereki, kambani yeShanghai-yakavakirwa maindasitiri nekutengesa zvakare iri muSongjiang District, ibhizinesi rakazvimirira rinonyanya kuita kurima nguruve. Inotarisira mapurazi mana makuru enguruve, ikozvino inochengetedza inenge 5,000 inodyara inodyara ine gore negore inobuda simba kusvika ku100,000 yenguruve yakagadzirira misika. Pamusoro pezvo, kambani inodyidzana nemapurazi makumi mashanu ezvipenyu anobatanidza kurima zvirimwa nekuchengeta zvipfuyo.

Kubaya Nyama Mbishi uye Kugadzira Mabhizinesi

Mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa kubva kudzimba dzekuurayira nguruve ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvinovaka muviri. Kana ikaburitswa isina kurapwa, inoisa njodzi dzakakura kune masisitimu emvura, ivhu, mhando yemhepo, uye yakakura ecosystem. Mamiriro ekutanga ezvakatipoteredza ndeaya anotevera:

1. Kusvibiswa kweMvura (zvinokonzeresa nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya)
Effluent muSlaughterhouse yakapfuma mune zvinosvibisa uye zvinovaka muviri. Kana yabudiswa yakananga munzizi, madziva, kana madziva, zvinhu zvinoumba organic—zvakadai seropa, mafuta, tsvina, uye zvisaririra zvezvokudya—zvinoora netupukanana tusingaoneki, muitiro unodya huwandu hwakawanda hweokisijeni yakanyunguduka (DO). Kupera kweDO kunotungamira kune anaerobic mamiriro, zvichikonzera kufa kwezvipenyu zvemumvura zvakaita sehove uye shrimp nekuda kwe hypoxia. Kuora kweAnaerobic kunowedzera kuburitsa magasi anonhuhwirira-kusanganisira hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, uye mercaptans-zvichikonzera kushanduka kwemvura uye kunhuwa kwakashata, zvichiita kuti mvura isashande chero chinangwa.

Mvura yetsvina inewo mazinga akakwirira enitrogen (N) uye phosphorus (P). Pakupinda mumitumbi yemvura, izvi zvinovaka muviri zvinokurudzira kukura kwakanyanya kwealgae uye phytoplankton, zvichiita kuti algal blooms kana mafungu matsvuku. Kuora kunozotevera kwealgae yakafa kunowedzera kupera mweya weokisijeni, kuchikanganisa magariro emumvura. Eutrophic mvura inosangana nekudzikira kwemhando uye inove isina kukodzera kunwa, kudiridza, kana kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.

Uyezve, tsvina inogona kutakura pathogenic microorganisms-kusanganisira mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye mazai eparasite (semuenzaniso, Escherichia coli neSalmonella) -kubva muura hwemhuka netsvina. Utachiona uhu hunogona kupararira kuburikidza nekuyerera kwemvura, kusvibisa matsime emvura yakadzika, kuwedzera njodzi yekutapurirana kwechirwere chezoonotic, uye kuisa hutano hweveruzhinji munjodzi.

2. Kusvibiswa kwevhu
Kana mvura yetsvina ikarasirwa pasi yakananga panyika kana kushandiswa kudiridza, zvakaturikwa zvakasimba nemafuta zvinogona kuvhara maburi evhu, kukanganisa chimiro chevhu, kuderedza kupinza, uye kukanganisa kukura kwemidzi. Kuvepo kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, mishonga yekugezesa, uye simbi inorema (semuenzaniso, mhangura uye zinki) kubva mukudya kwemhuka inogona kuungana muvhu nekufamba kwenguva, ichishandura physicochemical properties, zvichiita kuti salinization kana muchetura, uye kuita kuti ivhu risakodzere kurima. Yakawandisa nitrogen uye phosphorus inodarika simba rekutora chirimwa inogona kutungamira mukukuvadzwa kwechirimwa ("fertilizer burn") uye inogona kupinda mumvura yepasi, zvichiunza njodzi yekusvibiswa.

3. Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo
Mumamiriro ezvinhu eanaerobic, kuora kwemvura yetsvina kunogadzira magasi anokuvadza uye anokuvadza akadai sehydrogen sulfide (H₂S, inoratidzwa nekunhuhwirira kwezai rakaora), ammonia (NH₃), amines, uye mercaptans. Utsi uhwu haungokonzereri hwema hwenhando hunokanganisa nharaunda dziri pedyo asiwo hunoisa njodzi pautano; kuwanda kweH₂S kune chepfu uye inogona kuuraya. Pamusoro pezvo, methane (CH₄), gasi rine simba regreenhouse rine simba rekudziya kwepasi rinopfuura kakapetwa makumi maviri eiyo carbon dioxide, inogadzirwa panguva yeanaerobic digestion, zvichikonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.

makemikari okisijeni kudiwa (COD) analyzer

MuChina, kuraswa kwemvura yetsvina kunodzorwa pasi pechirongwa chemvumo chinoda kutevedzwa nemvumo yekuburitsa. Zvivako zvinofanirwa kutevedzera zvakanyanya kune iyo Pollutant Discharge Permit mirau uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zve "Discharge Standard yeMvura Inosvibisa yeMeat Processing Indasitiri" (GB 13457-92), pamwe nechero nhanho dzinoshanda dzenzvimbo dzinogona kunge dzakaomarara.

Kutevedzwa kwezviyero zvekuyerera kunoongororwa kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwezvishanu zvakakosha paramita: makemikari okisijeni kudiwa (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), yakazara phosphorus (TP), yakazara nitrogen (TN), uye pH. Izvi zviratidzo zvinoshanda semabhenji ekushanda ekuongorora maitiro ekugadzirisa mvura yetsvina-kusanganisira sedimentation, kupatsanurwa kwemafuta, kurapwa kwebiological, kubviswa kwezvinovaka muviri, uye disinfection-zvichigonesa kugadziridzwa nenguva kuti kuve nechokwadi chekudzika uye kunoenderana nekubuda kwemvura.

- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):COD inoyera huwandu hwese hweoxidizable organic matter mumvura. Huwandu hweCOD hwepamusoro hunoratidza kusvibiswa kukuru kweorganic. Mvura yetsvina yemba yekuuraya, ine ropa, mafuta, mapuroteni, uye tsvina, kazhinji inoratidza huwandu hweCOD kubva pa2,000 kusvika 8,000 mg/L kana kupfuura. Monitoring COD yakakosha pakuongorora kugona kwekubvisa organic mutoro uye kuona kuti mvura yetsvina yekuchenesa system inoshanda nemazvo mukati memiganhu inotenderwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

- Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N): Iyi parameter inoratidza kusangana kwemahara ammonia (NH₃) uye ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) mumvura. Nitrification yeammonia inoshandisa oksijeni yakanyungudika uye inogona kukonzera kupera kweokisijeni. Ammonia yemahara ine muchetura zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura kunyangwe pakadzika. Pamusoro pezvo, ammonia inoshanda senge sosi yekudya kunovaka algal kukura, zvichibatsira kune eutrophication. Inobva mukuparara kweweti, tsvina, uye mapuroteni mumvura yetsvina yekuuraya. Monitoring NH₃-N inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwakaringana kwenitrification uye denitrification maitiro uye kuderedza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye hutano.

- Yese Nitrogen (TN) uye Yese Phosphorus (TP):TN inomiririra huwandu hwemhando dzese dzenitrogen (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, organic nitrogen), nepo TP ichisanganisira ese macompounds ephosphorus. Ose ari maviri madhiraivha ekutanga eutrophication. Kana ikaiswa mumvura inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma yakaita semadziva, madhamu, uye matsime emvura, tsvina ine nitrogen uye phosphorus inoita kuti maalgal amera—zvakafanana nekuisa fetiraiza mumvura—zvinoita kuti algal blooms. Mitemo yemazuva ano yemvura yetsvina inoisa miganho yakawedzera kuomarara pakuburitswa kweTN neTP. Kutarisa aya maparamendi kunoongorora kushanda kwehunyanzvi hwekubvisa chikafu uye kunobatsira kudzivirira kuparara kwe ecosystem.

- pH Kukosha:pH inoratidza acidity kana alkalinity yemvura. Zvizhinji zvipenyu zvemumvura zvinorarama mukati mehupamhi hwepH (kazhinji 6-9). Tsvina dzine acidic zvakanyanya kana alkaline inogona kukuvadza hupenyu hwemumvura uye kukanganisa kuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kune zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura yetsvina, kuchengetedza pH yakakodzera kwakakosha kuitira kunyatsoita kwemaitiro ekurapwa kwebiological. Kuenderera mberi pH yekutarisa kunotsigira kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye kutevedza kwemitemo.

Iyo kambani yakaisa anotevera epamhepo ekutarisa zviridzwa kubva kuBoqu Instruments panzvimbo yayo huru yekuburitsa:
- CODG-3000 Online Automatic Chemical Oxygen Demand Monitor
- NHNG-3010 Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor
- TPG-3030 Yese Phosphorus Online Automatic Analyzer
- TNG-3020 Total Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer
- PHG-2091 pH Pamhepo otomatiki Analyzer

Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor

Yakazara Phosphorus Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer

Aya ma analyzer anogonesa chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa COD, ammonia nitrogen, yakazara phosphorus, yakazara nitrogen, uye pH mazinga mutsvina. Idzi data rinogonesa kuongororwa kwekusvibiswa kweorganic uye kudya kunovaka muviri, kuongororwa kwenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hweveruzhinji, uye neruzivo rwekuita sarudzo maererano nemaitiro ekurapa. Uyezve, inobvumira kukwenenzverwa kwemaitiro ekurapa, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekushanda, kuderedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuenderana kunoenderana nemitemo yenyika neyemunharaunda yezvakatipoteredza.