Nyaya Yekushandisa Kubuda Kwemvura Yakasviba Mumakambani Ekuuraya Nekugadzira Nyama Mbishi muShanghai

Kambani yekugadzira nyama iri muShanghai yakavambwa muna 2011 uye iri muSongjiang District. Mabasa ayo ebhizinesi anosanganisira mabasa anotenderwa akadai sekuuraya nguruve, kubereka huku nezvipfuwo, kugovera chikafu, uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi mumigwagwa (kusina zvinhu zvine njodzi). Chikamu chikuru, kambani yemaindasitiri nekutengeserana iri muShanghai iri muSongjiang District, ikambani yakazvimirira inonyanya kuita zvekurima nguruve. Inotarisira mapurazi mana makuru enguruve, parizvino ichichengetedza nguruve dzemhando yepamusoro dzinosvika 5,000 dzine simba rekugadzira nguruve dzinosvika 100,000 pagore. Pamusoro pezvo, kambani iyi inoshanda pamwe chete nemapurazi makumi mashanu ezvakatipoteredza anobatanidza kurima zvirimwa nekuchengeta mhuka.

Makambani Ekuuraya Nekugadzira Nyama Mbichi

Mvura yakasviba inogadzirwa kubva kunzvimbo dzekuurayira nguruve ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvipenyu nezvinovaka muviri. Kana ikasagadziriswa, inokonzera njodzi huru kumamiriro emvura, ivhu, mhando yemhepo, uye nharaunda yakakura. Mhedzisiro huru yezvakatipoteredza ndeiyi inotevera:

1. Kusvibiswa kwemvura (mugumisiro wakanyanya uye wakaipisisa)
Mvura inobuda muzvipfuyo ine tsvina yakawanda uye zvinovaka muviri. Kana ikaburitswa zvakananga munzizi, madziva, kana madziva, zvinhu zvipenyu—zvakaita seropa, mafuta, tsvina, uye zvasara zvechikafu—zvinoora netupukanana, nzira inoshandisa oxygen yakanyungudutswa yakawanda (DO). Kupera kweDO kunotungamira kumamiriro ezvinhu asina mweya, zvichikonzera kufa kwezvisikwa zvemumvura zvakaita sehove neshrimp nekuda kwekushaya mweya. Kuora kwemvura kunowedzera kukonzera magasi anonhuwa—kusanganisira hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, uye mercaptans—zvichikonzera kuchinja kweruvara rwemvura uye kunhuwa kwakashata, zvichiita kuti mvura isakwanise kushandiswa chero kupi zvako.

Mvura yakasviba iyi inewo huwandu hwakakwira hwenitrogen (N) nephosphorus (P). Painopinda mumvura, zvinovaka muviri izvi zvinokurudzira kukura kwakanyanya kwealgae nephytoplankton, zvichikonzera maruva ealgal kana kuti red tides. Kuora kwealgae yakafa kunowedzera kuderedza okisijeni, zvichikanganisa kugadzikana kwenzvimbo yemvura. Mvura yeEutrophic inoona hunhu hwayo huchiderera uye haichakodzeri kunwiwa, kudiridza, kana kushandiswa mumaindasitiri.

Uyezve, mvura inobuda muropa inogona kutakura tupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere—kusanganisira mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye mazai etupukanana (semuenzaniso, Escherichia coli neSalmonella)—tunobva muura hwemhuka netsvina. Utachiona uhu hunogona kupararira kuburikidza nekuyerera kwemvura, zvichisvibisa mvura iri pasi pemvura, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekutapurirana kwezvirwere zvevana, uye zvichiisa hutano hwevanhu panjodzi.

2. Kusvibiswa kwevhu
Kana mvura yakasviba ikaburitswa zvakananga panyika kana kushandiswa pakudiridza, zvinhu zvakaoma zvinogona kuvhara maburi evhu, zvichikanganisa chimiro chevhu, kuderedza kupinda kwemvura, uye kukanganisa kukura kwemidzi. Kuvapo kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, sipo, uye simbi dzinorema (semuenzaniso, mhangura ne zinc) kubva muchikafu chemhuka kunogona kuungana muvhu nekufamba kwenguva, zvichichinja hunhu hwayo hwe physicochemical, zvichikonzera salinization kana chepfu, uye zvichiita kuti ivhu risakodzere kurimwa. Nitrogen ne phosphorus zvakawandisa kupfuura simba rezvirimwa zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwezvirimwa ("kutsva kwefetereza") uye zvinogona kupinda mumvura yepasi pevhu, zvichikonzera njodzi yekusvibiswa.

3. Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo
Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina mhepo inodziya, kuora kwemvura yakasviba kunogadzira magasi ane chepfu uye anokuvadza akadai sehydrogen sulfide (H₂S, inoratidzwa nekunhuhwirira kwezai rakaora), ammonia (NH₃), amines, uye mercaptans. Utsi uhu hahungoiti hwema hunonetsa hunokanganisa nharaunda dziri pedyo asiwo hune njodzi kuhutano; huwandu hwakawanda hweH₂S hune chepfu uye hunogona kuuraya. Pamusoro pezvo, methane (CH₄), gasi rine simba rekudziya kwepasi rose rine simba rekudziya kwepasi rose kanopfuura ka20 pane carbon dioxide, rinogadzirwa panguva yekugaya anaerobic, zvichikonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.

muongorori wemakemikari eokisijeni (COD)

MuChina, kuburitswa kwemvura yakasviba munzvimbo dzekuurayira kunodzorwa pasi pehurongwa hwemvumo inoda kuti patevedzwe miganhu yekubudisa tsvina. Nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeMvumo yeKuburitsa Mvura uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa ne "Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Meat Processing Industry" (GB 13457-92), pamwe nechero mitemo yemuno inogona kunge yakaoma.

Kutevedzera mitemo yekuburitsa mvura kunoongororwa kuburikidza nekutarisa nguva dzose zvinhu zvishanu zvakakosha: kudiwa kwemakemikari eoxygen (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), uye pH. Izvi zviratidzo zvinoshanda sezviyero zvekuongorora mashandiro ekurapa mvura yakasviba—kusanganisira kupwanya, kupatsanurwa kwemafuta, kurapwa kwezvipenyu, kubviswa kwezvinovaka muviri, uye kuuraya utachiona—zvichigonesa kugadziriswa nenguva kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakasviba inobuda zvakanaka uye inoenderana nezvinodiwa.

- Kudiwa kweOkisijeni yeKemikari (COD):COD inoyera huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinogona kuoxidizwa mumvura. COD yakakwira inoratidza kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwezvisikwa. Mvura yakasviba yekuurawa, ine ropa, mafuta, mapuroteni, uye tsvina, inowanzo ratidza huwandu hweCOD hunotangira pa2,000 kusvika 8,000 mg/L kana kupfuura. Kutarisa COD kwakakosha pakuongorora kushanda kwekubvisa zvinhu zvipenyu uye kuona kuti sisitimu yekurapa mvura yakasviba inoshanda zvakanaka mukati memiganhu inogamuchirika kune nharaunda.

- Amoniya Nitrogen (NH₃-N): Iyi paramita inoratidza huwandu hweammonia (NH₃) uye ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) mumvura. Nitrification yeammonia inodya okisijeni yakanyungudika yakawanda uye inogona kukonzera kupera kweokisijeni. Ammonia isina makemikari ine chepfu yakawanda kuzvisikwa zvemumvura kunyangwe paine huwandu hushoma. Pamusoro pezvo, ammonia inoshanda senzvimbo yekudyara kwealgal kukura, ichibatsira mukukura kwemvura. Inobva mukuputsika kweweti, tsvina, uye mapuroteni mumvura inoraswa. Kutarisa NH₃-N kunoita kuti maitiro e nitrification ne denitrification ashande zvakanaka uye kunoderedza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nedzehutano.

- Total Nitrogen (TN) uye Total Phosphorus (TP):TN inomiririra huwandu hwemarudzi ese enitrogen (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, organic nitrogen), nepo TP ichisanganisira phosphorus compounds dzese. Dzese idzi ndidzo dzinonyanya kukonzera eutrophication. Kana dzikaburitswa mumvura dzinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma dzakadai semadziva, matangi, uye migero yemvura, tsvina ine nitrogen nephosphorus yakawanda inokurudzira kukura kwealgal inoputika—senge fertilizing yemvura—zvichikonzera maruva ealgal. Mitemo yemazuva ano yemvura inoraswa inoisa miganhu yakanyanya pakubuda kweTN neTP. Kutarisa izvi kunoongorora kushanda kwetekinoroji yepamusoro yekubvisa zvinovaka muviri uye kunobatsira kudzivirira kuora kwezvakatipoteredza.

- Kukosha kwe pH:pH inoratidza acidity kana alkalinity yemvura. Zvipenyu zvakawanda zvemumvura zvinorarama mukati mehuwandu hwakamanikana hwepH (kazhinji 6–9). Tsvina ine acidic yakawanda kana alkali inogona kukuvadza zvipenyu zvemumvura uye kukanganisa kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Kune nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba, kuchengetedza pH yakakodzera kwakakosha kuti maitiro ekurapa ebhayoloji ashande zvakanaka. Kutarisa pH nguva dzose kunotsigira kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye kutevedzera mitemo.

Kambani iyi yakaisa zvishandiso zvinotevera zvekutarisa pamhepo kubva kuBoqu Instruments panzvimbo yayo huru yekubuditsa zvinhu:
- CODG-3000 Online Automatic Chemical Oxygen Demand Monitor
- NHNG-3010 Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor
- TPG-3030 Total Phosphorus Online Automatic Analyzer
- TNG-3020 Total Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer
- PHG-2091 pH Inoongorora otomatiki paIndaneti

Amoniya Nitrogen Online Otomatiki Monitor

Total Phosphorus Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer

Aya ma analyzer anogonesa kutarisa panguva chaiyo COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus yakazara, nitrogen yakazara, uye pH mutsvina. Iyi data inobatsira kuongororwa kwekusvibiswa kweorganic nezvinovaka muviri, kuongororwa kwenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nedzehutano hweveruzhinji, uye kuita sarudzo dzakavakirwa paruzivo maererano nemazano ekurapa. Uyezve, inobvumira kugadzirisa maitiro ekurapa, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kudzikisa mari yekushanda, kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutevedzera mitemo yenyika neyemunharaunda.