Kusviba kwemvura kunoyerwa sei?

Chii Chinonzi Turbidity?

Dutu remvura (turbidity) chiyero chemakore kana kuti kusviba kwemvura, chinowanzo shandiswa kuongorora hunhu hwemvura munzvimbo dzemvura dzechisikigo—dzakadai senzizi, madhamu, nemakungwa—pamwe chete nemunzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakuchenesa mvura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuvapo kwezvidimbu zvakasungirirwa, zvinosanganisira silt, algae, plankton, nezvimwe zvinhu zvemumaindasitiri, zvinoparadzira chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemvura.
Turbidity inowanzo verengerwa mu nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), nehukuru hwepamusoro hunoratidza kupenya kwemvura kwakanyanya. Iyi unit yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwechiedza chakapararira nezvidimbu zvakasungirirwa mumvura, sezvinoyerwa ne nephelometer. Nephelometer inopenya mwenje wechiedza kuburikidza nemuenzaniso uye inoona chiedza chakapararira nezvidimbu zvakasungirirwa pakona yemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe. Hukuru hweNTU hwakakwira hunoratidza kupenya kukuru, kana kuti makore, mumvura. Hukuru hweNTU hwakaderera hunoratidza mvura yakajeka.
Semuenzaniso: Mvura yakachena inogona kunge iine kukosha kweNTU kuri pedyo ne0. Mvura yekunwa, iyo inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, inowanzova neNTU iri pasi pe1. Mvura ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekusvibiswa kana zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa inogona kuva nekukosha kweNTU kuri mazana kana zviuru.

Sei tichifanira kuyera hunyoro hwemvura?

Kuwanda kwemvura mudumbu kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda:
1） Kuderera kwechiedza: Izvi zvinokanganisa photosynthesis mumiti yemumvura, nokudaro zvichikanganisa ecosystem yakakura yemumvura inoenderana nekubereka kwekutanga.
2）Kuvharika kwemasisitimu ekusefa: Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa zvinogona kuvharira mafirita munzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura, zvichiwedzera mari yekushanda uye zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwekurapa.
3）Kubatanidzwa nezvinosvibisa: Zvidimbu zvinokonzera kutu zvinowanzo takura zvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvakaita setupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere, simbi dzinorema, uye makemikari ane chepfu, zvichiisa njodzi kuhutano hwezvakatipoteredza nehwevanhu.
Muchidimbu, kusvibiswa kwemvura kunoshanda sechiratidzo chakakosha chekuongorora kuvimbika kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, makemikari, uye zvipenyu, kunyanya mukati mekutarisa nharaunda uye hutano hweveruzhinji.
Chii chinonzi musimboti wekuyera hunyoro?

Nheyo yekuyera hunyoro hwakavakirwa pakupararira kwechiedza pachinopfuura nemumvura ine zvidimbu zvakamiswa. Kana chiedza chikabatana nezvidimbu izvi, chinopararira munzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye simba rechiedza chakapararira rinoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwezvidimbu zviripo. Hunyoro hwakawanda hwezvidimbu hunokonzera kupararira kwechiedza zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera hunyoro hwakawanda.

musimboti wekuyera hunyoro

Maitiro acho anogona kupatsanurwa kuita matanho anotevera:
Chitubu cheChiedza: Danda rechiedza, rinowanzo buritswa nelaser kana LED, rinotungamirwa kuburikidza nemuenzaniso wemvura.
Zvidimbu Zvakasungirirwa: Sezvo chiedza chichipararira nemumuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakasungirirwa—zvakadai sedhaka, algae, plankton, kana zvinosvibisa—zvinoita kuti chiedza chipararire munzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Kuonekwa kweChiedza Chakapararira: Anephelometer, chishandiso chinoshandiswa pakuyera turbidity, chinoona chiedza chakapararira pakona yemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe kana tichienzanisa nemwaranzi yechiitiko. Iyi angular detection ndiyo nzira yakajairika nekuda kwekunzwa kwayo kwakanyanya kupararira kunokonzerwa nezvidimbu.
Kuyerwa kweScattered Light Intensity: Simba rechiedza chakapararira rinoyerwa, simba rakawanda richiratidza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasungirirwa uye, nekudaro, turbidity yakakwira.
Kuverengera Kupenya Kwechiedza: Kupenya kwechiedza kwakayerwa kunoshandurwa kuita Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), zvichipa nhamba yakajairika inomiririra mwero wekupenya kwechiedza.
Chii chinoyera kusviba kwemvura?

Kuyera mvura yakasviba uchishandisa ma sensor emvura anoshandiswa ne optical itsika yakajairika mumaindasitiri emazuva ano. Kazhinji, turbidity analyzer inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana inodiwa kuratidza kuyerwa kwemvura panguva chaiyo, kugonesa kuchenesa otomatiki nguva nenguva, uye kutanga nyevero dzekuverenga kusina kujairika, nokudaro ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mvura inotevedzera mitemo yemhando yepamusoro.

Sensor yeTurbidity Online (Mvura yegungwa inoyerwa)

Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushanda dzinoda mhinduro dzakasiyana dzekutarisa kusvibiswa kwemvura. Munzvimbo dzekugara dzemvura dzechipiri, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura, uye panzvimbo dzinopinda nekubuda mvura mumvura yekunwa, mita dzemvura dziri padanho rakaderera dzine kunyatsojeka uye nzvimbo dzakamanikana dzekuyera dzinonyanya kushandiswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudiwa kwakasimba kwehuwandu hwemvura dziri padanho rakaderera munzvimbo idzi. Semuenzaniso, munyika zhinji, mwero wekutonga wemvura yepombi panzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura unotsanangura huwandu hwemvura iri pasi pe1 NTU. Kunyangwe kuyedzwa kwemvura yedziva rekushambira kusingawanzoitiki, kana kuchiitwa, kunodawo huwandu hwemvura dziri padanho rakaderera, kazhinji zvinoda kushandiswa kwemita dzemvura dziri padanho rakaderera.

Mamita eTurbidity emhando yepamusoro TBG-6188T

Kusiyana neizvi, mashandisirwo akadai semafekitori ekuchenesa mvura yakasviba nenzvimbo dzinobuda tsvina mumaindasitiri anoda mita dzemvura dzakaoma dzemhando yepamusoro. Mvura munzvimbo idzi inowanzo ratidza kuchinja kukuru kwemvura uye inogona kunge iine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasungirirwa, zvikamu zvecolloidal, kana makemikari anokonzeresa mvura. Hunhu hwemvura yakaora hunowanzo pfuura miganhu yepamusoro yezvishandiso zvemhando yepamusoro. Semuenzaniso, mvura yakaora pafekitori yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba inogona kusvika mazana eNTU, uye kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa kwekutanga, kutarisa huwandu hwemvura yakaora muNTU makumi eNTU kunoramba kuri madikanwa. Mata emvura yakaora anowanzo shanda pasi pechiyero chechiedza chakapararira kusvika kune chinotumirwa. Nekushandisa matekiniki ekuwedzera dynamic range, zvishandiso izvi zvinokwanisa kuyera kubva pa0.1 NTU kusvika 4000 NTU uku zvichiramba zvakarurama ±2% yechiyero chakazara.

Muchina weKuongorora Turbidity weIndasitiri Pamhepo

Munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri, dzakadai semakambani emishonga, chikafu nezvinwiwa, zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvinoiswa pakururama uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwekuyera turbidity. Maindasitiri aya anowanzo shandisa ma "dual-beam turbidity meters", ayo anosanganisira reference beam kuti atsive zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwechiedza uye kushanduka kwetembiricha, nokudaro zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kuenderane. Semuenzaniso, turbidity yemvura yekubaya inofanira kugara iri pasi pe 0.1 NTU, zvichiisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba pakunzwa kwemidziyo uye kuramba kupindira.
Uyezve, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yeInternet of Things (IoT), masisitimu emazuva ano ekutarisa matope ari kuramba achiva akangwara uye akabatana. Kubatanidzwa kwemamodule ekutaurirana e4G/5G kunogonesa kutumira data re matope panguva chaiyo kumapuratifomu egore, zvichiita kuti kutarisa kuri kure, kuongorora data, uye zviziviso zvekuzivisa otomatiki. Semuenzaniso, fekitori yekurapa mvura yemuguta yakaisa sisitimu yekutarisa matope inobatanidza data re matope nesystem yayo yekudzora kugoverwa kwemvura. Kana yaonekwa matope asina kujairika, sisitimu iyi inogadzirisa otomatiki chiyero chemakemikari, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwekutevedzera kunaka kwemvura kubva pa98% kusvika pa99.5%, pamwe nekudzikiswa kwe12% mukushandiswa kwemakemikari.
Ko turbidity yakafanana here nemidziyo yose yakamiswa?

Turbidity uye Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ipfungwa dzakabatana, asi hadzina kufanana. Dzese dzinoreva zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa mumvura, asi dzakasiyana mukuyerwa kwadzo uye kuti dzinoyerwa sei.
Kutenderera kunoyera hunhu hwemvura, kunyanya kuti chiedza chakapararira zvakadii nezvidimbu zvakasungirirwa. Haiyere zvakananga huwandu hwezvidimbu, asi kuti chiedza chakavharirwa kana kutsauswa nezvidimbu izvozvo. Kutenderera hakukanganisirwi chete nehuwandu hwezvidimbu asiwo nezvinhu zvakaita sehukuru, chimiro, uye ruvara rwezvidimbu, pamwe nehukuru hwemwenje hunoshandiswa pakuyera.

Meter yeIndasitiri Yese Yakasungirirwa Yakasimba (TSS)

Zvinhu Zvizere Zvakasimba Zvakasungirirwa(TSS) inoyera huremu chaihwo hwezvimedu zvakasungirirwa mumvura. Inoyera huremu hwese hwezvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa mumvura, zvisinei nehunhu hwazvo hwemaziso.
TSS inoyerwa nekusefa huwandu hwemvura hunozivikanwa kuburikidza nefirita (kazhinji firita ine huremu hunozivikanwa). Mushure mekunge mvura yasefa, zvinhu zvakasimba zvinosara pafirita zvinoomeswa uye zvinoyerwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidzwa mumamirigiramu pa litre (mg/L). TSS ine chekuita zvakananga nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakamiswa, asi haipe ruzivo nezvehukuru hwezvinhu kana kuti zvidimbu zvinoparadzira sei chiedza.
Misiyano mikuru:
1） Hunhu hweKuyera:
Turbidity ipfungwa yekuona (nzira iyo chiedza chinopararira kana kunyudzwa nayo).
TSS chinhu chinoonekwa (huwandu hwezvimedu zvakasungirirwa mumvura).
2） Zvavanoyera:
Kusviba kunoratidza kuti mvura yacho yakajeka kana kuti yakasviba zvakadii, asi hakupi huremu chaihwo hwezvinhu zvakasimba.
TSS inopa chiyero chakananga chehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba mumvura, zvisinei nekuti inotaridzika sei yakajeka kana kuti isina kujeka.
3） Zvikamu:
Turbidity inoyerwa mu NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units).
TSS inoyerwa mu mg/L (mamiligiramu pa litre).
Ruvara nekusviba zvakafanana here?

Ruvara nekusviba hazvina kufanana, kunyange zvazvo zvose zvichikanganisa chitarisiko chemvura.

Meter yeRuvara rweMvura Yemhando Yepamusoro

Heino mutsauko:
Ruvara runoreva ruvara rwemvura inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa, zvakaita sezvinhu zvakasikwa (semashizha ari kuora) kana zvicherwa (senge iron kana manganese). Kunyangwe mvura yakachena inogona kuva neruvara kana iine zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa.
Kusviba kunoreva kusviba kana kusviba kwemvura kunokonzerwa nezvidimbu zvakasungirirwa, zvakaita sevhu, silt, tupukanana, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma. Kunoyera kuti zvidimbu izvi zvinoparadzira chiedza zvakadii zvichipfuura nemumvura.
Muchidimbu:
Ruvara = zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa
Kushanduka kwemvura = zvidimbu zvakamiswa