Muchina wekuongorora mvura yekunwa wakabatanidzwa paindaneti

Kutenderera, chiyero chemakore mumvura, kwave kuchizivikanwa sechiratidzo chiri nyore uye chakakosha chehunhu hwemvura. Yave ichishandiswa pakutarisa mvura yekunwa, kusanganisira iyo inogadzirwa nekusefa kwemakumi emakore. Kuyera kutenderera kunosanganisira kushandisa danda rechiedza, rine hunhu hwakatsanangurwa, kuona kuvapo kwezvikamu zviri mumvura kana imwe sample yemvura. Danda rechiedza rinonzi danda rechiedza. Zvinhu zviri mumvura zvinokonzera kuti danda rechiedza ripararire uye chiedza ichi chakapararira chinoonekwa uye chinoverengwa zvichienderana nechiyero chekuenzanisa chinoteverwa. Kana huwandu hwezvikamu zviri musample hwakakwira, kupararira kwedanda rechiedza chinoitika kunowedzera uye kutenderera kunobva kwawedzera.

Chero chidimbu chiri mukati memuenzaniso chinopfuura nepanobva chiedza chakatsanangurwa (kazhinji rambi re incandescent, light emitting diode (LED) kana laser diode), chinogona kubatsira mukusvibiswa kwese mumuenzaniso. Chinangwa chekusefa ndechekubvisa zvidimbu kubva mumuenzaniso chero upi zvawo. Kana masisitimu ekusefa ari kushanda zvakanaka uye achitariswa ne turbidimeter, kusvibiswa kwemvura inobuda kuchaonekwa nekuyera kwakaderera uye kwakasimba. Mamwe ma turbidimeter haashande zvakanaka mumvura dzakachena zvakanyanya, uko saizi dzezvidimbu uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwezvidimbu hwakaderera zvikuru. Kune ayo ma turbidimeter asina kunzwisisika pamazinga aya akaderera, shanduko dze turbidity dzinokonzerwa nekutyoka kwefirita dzinogona kuva diki zvekuti dzinopedzisira dzisisaonekwe neruzha rwekutanga rwe turbidity rwechishandiso.

Ruzha urwu rwekutanga rune manyuko akati wandei anosanganisira ruzha rwezviridzwa (ruzha rwemagetsi), chiedza chemagetsi chinobva mumidziyo, ruzha rwemuenzaniso, uye ruzha rwuri muchiedza pachacho. Kupindira uku kunowedzerwa uye kunova chinhu chikuru chinokonzera mhinduro dzenhema dze turbidity uye kunogona kukanganisa muganho wekuona zviridzwa.

Nyaya yemitemo mukuyera turbidimetric inoomeswa zvishoma nezvishoma nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emitemo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inogamuchirwa pakuzivisa nemasangano akadai seUSEPA neStandard Methods, uye chikamu nemazwi kana tsananguro inoshandiswa kwavari. MuChinyorwa che19 cheStandard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, kujekeswa kwakaitwa mukutsanangura mitemo yekutanga neyechipiri. Standard Methods inotsanangura standard yekutanga seyakagadzirwa nemushandisi kubva pazvinhu zvinoteverwa, uchishandisa nzira dzakarurama uye mumamiriro ekunze akadzorwa. Muturbidity, Formazin ndiyo yega standard yekutanga inozivikanwa uye mimwe mitemo yese inoteverwa kuFormazin. Uyezve, maalgorithms emidziyo uye tsanangudzo dzeturbidimeters dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa zvichienderana ne standard iyi yekutanga.

Standard Methods ikozvino inotsanangura zviyero zvechipiri sezviyero izvo mugadziri (kana sangano rekuyedza rakazvimirira) rakapa chitupa chekuti zvipe mhedzisiro yekuyera zvishandiso zvakaenzana (mukati memimwe miganhu) nemigumisiro inowanikwa kana chishandiso chagadziriswa neFormazin standards dzakagadzirwa nemushandisi (mitemo yekutanga). Mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yakakodzera kuyera inowanikwa, kusanganisira masheya ekutengesa e4,000 NTU Formazin, suspensions dzakagadzikana dzeFormazin (StablCal™ Stabilized Formazin Standards, iyo inonziwo StablCal Standards, StablCal Solutions, kana StablCal), uye suspensions dzekutengesa dze microspheres dze styrene divinylbenzene copolymer.